Technology

What Is ChatGPT? How AI Language Models Work

ChatGPT took the world by storm. Here's how large language models actually work and what they can (and can't) do.

Superlore TeamJanuary 18, 20262 min read

What Is ChatGPT?

ChatGPT is an AI system developed by OpenAI that can engage in human-like conversations, answer questions, write code, and generate creative content.

It's based on a technology called Large Language Models (LLMs).

How Does It Work?

At its core, ChatGPT does one thing: predict the next word.

Given "The capital of France is ___", it predicts "Paris" because that pattern appears frequently in its training data.

But this simple mechanism, at scale, produces remarkable results.

Training Process

  • Trained on billions of words from the internet
  • Learns patterns, facts, grammar, reasoning styles
  • Purely predicting next words — unsupervised
  • Human trainers provide example conversations
  • Model learns the format and style expected
  • Humans rate responses as good or bad
  • Model learns what humans prefer
  • This makes it helpful, harmless, and honest (ideally)

What Makes It Impressive?

  • Following complex instructions
  • Writing code
  • Reasoning through problems
  • Adjusting tone and style

What It Can't Do

  • No true understanding: It manipulates symbols, not concepts
  • Hallucinations: Confidently states false information
  • No real-time knowledge: Training data has a cutoff date
  • No memory: Each conversation starts fresh (in base version)

Is It "Intelligent"?

Philosophers debate. It passes many tests previously thought to require intelligence — but it's doing sophisticated pattern matching, not reasoning as humans do.

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