From slave to sage: Epictetus shows inner freedom through disciplined judgment and humane guidance.
Epictetus' birth in Hierapolis under slavery frames his later path to inner independence.
In Rome he learns Stoic practice from Musonius Rufus, turning philosophy into a way of life.
Stoicism as rational order: virtue over externals, and freedom through self-government.
Epictetus redefines freedom as mastery of judgment, desire, and assent, not external conditions.
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