Mandela's early life in Transkei, royal mentorship, and the seeds of consultative leadership.

From ANC ties to youth leadership, he embraces mass action against apartheid and racial hierarchy.

Defiance Campaign, treason trials, and the shift toward multi-faceted resistance.

MK, Rivonia Trial, and prison regime that educated Mandela in strategy and resilience.

Secret talks, unbanning, and the shift from conflict to a negotiated, democratic transition.