Vimy Ridge: why the peak was a deadly obstacle and how prior battles shaped expectations.

Major General Byng orders a data-driven, information-led approach over blind courage.

Underground tunnels and caverns form a hidden backbone to the assault plan.

Predicted fire and creeping barrages synchronize artillery with infantry for precision.

Four divisions advance in coordinated, flexible waves beneath a controlled bombardment.

Vimy as a turning point in tactic and Canadian identity, with lasting political echoes.