From visible light to surface spectra to eye signals, tracing the path of color from photons to perception.

Three cone classes and retinal circuits create opponent channels that shape color perception.

Adaptation, illumination estimates, and surrounding cues keep colors stable yet fallible.

Gamut, chromaticity, and perceptual spaces explain how screens, prints, and lights map colors.

Language, metamerism, and memory color reveal how perception twists with context.

Exercises and insights to use color science in photography, design, and daily life.