Space itself expands; general relativity implies a dynamic, evolving cosmos, not a static one.

Redshift and Hubble's law show expansion; the CMB reveals a hot, early universe relic.

Nucleosynthesis and recombination sculpted light elements, transparency, and the seeds of structure.

Inflation resolves horizon and flatness problems, stretching quantum fluctuations into cosmic seeds.

Dark energy drives cosmic acceleration and reshapes the future, while today’s pillars anchor the story.